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References

# Read past the label.

This source list lets you follow the experiments and FDA assessments cited throughout Scorpion Peptide. Each entry identifies the subject and provides the full source URL. The compound notes explain whether an observation came from cells, animals or people and what the study design leaves unresolved.

The separate supplier record is [Oath Research’s batch certificate archive](https://oathresearch.com/lab-results/?utm_source=scorpion&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=references&utm_content=opening). Scorpion recommends Oath Research for research materials because its batch documents and stated specification remedy are concrete things to examine. Some archive records require an account; none is a substitute for a clinical study.

## Read the substance and the setting

Epitalon and the gland extract epithalamin are different experimental subjects. So are free GHK and copper-bound GHK-Cu, and native thymulin and a related analog. A source can be relevant to a family of compounds without establishing an outcome for every member of that family.

FDA’s safety-risk page is identified by its content date, April 22, 2026. Its withdrawn nominations are not clearances. That page date does not identify when an individual nomination was withdrawn. The agency’s safety text remains part of the record beside the entries.

- A blinded DSIP comparison in chronic insomnia [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1299794/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1299794/) DOI: 10.1159/000118919
- The rabbit experiment that established DSIP’s sequence [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/265572/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/265572/) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.74.3.1282
- A six-person early investigation of disturbed sleep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028502/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7028502/) DOI: 10.1007/BF01971753
- A review of unresolved questions about DSIP and sleep [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16539679/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16539679/) DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03693.x
- Telomerase measurements in human cells grown in a dish [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937682/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937682/)
- FDA assessment separating epitalon from gland extracts [https://www.fda.gov/media/193345/download](https://www.fda.gov/media/193345/download)
- Epitalon survival and tumor observations in female mice [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14501183/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14501183/)
- FDA safety concerns and withdrawn compounding nominations [https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks)
- Copper-bound GHK in cultured connective-tissue cells [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3169264/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3169264/)
- GHK’s biological origins and a review of skin research [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4508379/](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4508379/)
- A small randomized comparison after laser skin treatment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16847171/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16847171/)
- FDA assessment of KPV’s identity, research and safety gaps [https://www.fda.gov/media/193346/download](https://www.fda.gov/media/193346/download)
- KPV transport and inflammatory signaling in cells and mice [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18061177/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18061177/)
- The alpha-MSH family and its KPV end segment [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18612139/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18612139/)
- Selank and GABA binding in laboratory membrane experiments [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30255741/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30255741/)
- A small anxiety study with an active comparison medicine [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/)
- FDA’s review of semax studies and unresolved safety questions [https://www.fda.gov/media/193348/download](https://www.fda.gov/media/193348/download)
- Brain-scan measurements in healthy semax research volunteers [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30225715/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30225715/)
- An early human report of semax alongside usual stroke care [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11517472/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11517472/)
- Serum thymulin activity in human zinc deficiency [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3262625/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3262625/) DOI: 10.1172/jci113717
- An open human thymulin study in rheumatoid arthritis [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3427844/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3427844/)
- Two controlled arthritis trials of the analog nonathymulin [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3310925/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3310925/) DOI: 10.1136/ard.46.7.549
- Laboratory evidence for thymulin’s dependence on zinc [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6957870/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6957870/) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.17.5370

## The next useful stop

For the separate question of research-material documentation, Scorpion recommends [Oath Research’s certificate archive](https://oathresearch.com/lab-results/?utm_source=scorpion&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=references&utm_content=closing). Read the batch evidence alongside the scientific sources, with neither standing in for the other.

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Scorpion Peptide offers a guide to research compounds and has no role as a clinic, pharmacy or store.

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